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Lean Government refers to the application of lean production (also known as "Lean") principles and methods to both identify and then implement the most efficient, value added way to provide government services. Government agencies have found that when Lean is implemented, they see an improved understanding of how their own processes work, that it facilitates the quick identification and implementation of improvements and that it builds a culture of continuous improvement.〔See U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (March 2008) and Graham Richard (2008).〕 Lean for government focuses on governing and serving citizens with respect and continuously improving service delivery by cutting out "waste" and "inefficiency" in processes; this in turn will result in better services overall, engaged civil servants as well as more value for tax-supported programs and services. Generally, proponents also see that a Lean government is a means to expand the capacity of government to provide more services per unit of investment.〔Ken Miller, (“ The Promise of Going Lean” ), ''Governing,'' May 21, 2009.〕 ==Common methods and approaches== Many Lean manufacturing methods have been successfully adapted to identify non-value added activities (waste) in administrative, transactional, and office processes that are common in government agencies. Common Lean methods include: * Value Stream Mapping (VSM) – Value stream mapping refers to the development of a high‐level visual representation of a process flow that is involved in delivering a product or service (called a “value stream”) to customers. VSM events, which are typically 3–4 days, focus on identifying the sources of non‐value added activity and prioritizing possible improvement activities. * Kaizen – Kaizen means to change for the good of all and is based on the philosophy of improvement, without regard to its size, type or duration. Kaizen activity is often focused on rapid process improvement events (called kaizen events) that bring together a cross‐functional team for 3‐5 days to study a specific process followed by implementing process changes. * 5S – 5S is the name of a workplace organizational method that uses a list of five Japanese words which, when translated into English, start with the letter S—Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. As more and more government services are delivered electronically, Lean government initiatives are commonly applications of Lean IT.〔Gilbert, Maria. (“The City of Cape Coral Enables Leaner Government with AMX and JD Edwards” ) ''Reuters''. March 6, 2009.〕 Lean government approaches typically have the following characteristics: *Take a customer service perspective that seeks to optimize value delivered to the public, the regulated community, and/or other stakeholders; *Involve employees and external stakeholders in continual improvements and problem-solving activities; *Deploy a rapid continuous improvement framework that emphasizes implementation over prolonged planning; *Seek to reduce the complexity of processes and the variation in process outputs; *Use performance metrics and visual controls to provide rapid feedback to improve real-time decision-making and problem-solving; and *Approach improvement activities using systems thinking. Lean government does not necessarily promote low taxes, only efficient use of those taxes levied. Tax policy is discerned by the legislative and executive branches of government with oversight of the judicial branch of government. Lean government is implemented by the administrative function of government through executive order, legislative mandate, or departmental administrative decisions. Lean government can be applied in legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lean Government」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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